Individual and contextual factors associated with the survival of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome by COVID-19 in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of individual and contextual factors of the hospital and the municipality of care on the survival of patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome due to COVID-19. METHODS: Hospital cohort study with data from 159,948 adults and elderly with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome due to COVID-19 hospitalized from January 1 to December 31, 2022 and reported in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System. The contextual variables were related to the structure, professionals and equipment of the hospital establishments and socioeconomic and health indicators of the municipalities. The outcome was hospital survival up to 90 days. Survival tree and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival analysis. RESULTS: Hospital lethality was 30.4%. Elderly patients who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation and were hospitalized in cities with low tax collection rates had lower survival rates compared to other groups identified in the survival tree (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The study indicated the interaction of contextual factors with the individual ones, and it shows that hospital and municipal characteristics increase the risk of death, highlighting the attention to the organization, operation, and performance of the hospital network.

Clinical-epidemiological characteristics and survival of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19, according to the COVID-19 vaccination schedule in Brazil, 2021-2022: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and survival of individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 according to the COVID-19 vaccination schedule, Brazil, 2021-2022. METHODS: This was a cohort study based on data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System; the Kaplan-Meier and Survival Tree methods were used to analyze survival. RESULTS: Among the 559,866 hospitalized cases, a higher proportion of vaccinated individuals was found among female (15.0%), elderly people aged ≥ 80 (34.5%), people from the Southeast region (15.7%), those who did not undergo respiratory support (21.2%) and those who did progress to death (15.2%); the survival curve showed that risk of death for unvaccinated individuals was higher in all age groups (p-value < 0.001); elderly people aged ≥ 80, who did not undergo mechanical ventilation and who had a booster dose had lower risk when compared to their peers who had two doses or were unvaccinated (hazard ratio = 0.64; 95%CI 0.62;0.67). CONCLUSION: Lowest risk of death was found in vaccinated individuals, especially those who had two doses or a booster dose as well. MAIN RESULTS: Prevalence was found to be high among unvaccinated individuals. Risk of death was lower among those vaccinated with a booster dose, compared to those not vaccinated, in all age groups analyzed. IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: The number of hospitalizations of unvaccinated individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome was high, which increases the demand for health services to care for these individuals. PERSPECTIVES: It is necessary to promote widespread vaccination of the entire population of Brazil, in addition to the regular provision of booster doses for the different population groups.

Clinical-epidemiological characteristics and survival of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19, according to the COVID-19 vaccination schedule in Brazil, 2021-2022: a prospective study / Características clinico-epidemiológicas y sobrevida de casos de síndrome respiratoria aguda grave (SRAG) por COVID-19, según esquema vacunal contra COVID-19 en Brasil, 2021-2022: estudo prospectivo / Características clínico-epidemiológicas e sobrevida de casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) por covid-19, segundo esquema vacinal contra covid-19 no Brasil, 2021-2022: estudo prospectivo

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and survival of individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 according to the COVID-19 vaccination schedule, Brazil, 2021-2022. Methods This was a cohort study based on data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System; the Kaplan-Meier and Survival Tree methods were used to analyze survival. Results Among the 559,866 hospitalized cases, a higher proportion of vaccinated individuals was found among female (15.0%), elderly people aged ≥ 80 (34.5%), people from the Southeast region (15.7%), those who did not undergo respiratory support (21.2%) and those who did progress to death (15.2%); the survival curve showed that risk of death for unvaccinated individuals was higher in all age groups (p-value < 0.001); elderly people aged ≥ 80, who did not undergo mechanical ventilation and who had a booster dose had lower risk when compared to their peers who had two doses or were unvaccinated (hazard ratio = 0.64; 95%CI 0.62;0.67). Conclusion Lowest risk of death was found in vaccinated individuals, especially those who had two doses or a booster dose as well.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las características clínicas, sociodemográficas y supervivencia de individuos con síndrome respiratoria aguda grave por COVID-19, según el esquema de vacunación contra COVID-19, Brasil, 2021-2022. Métodos Estudio de cohorte con datos del Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica de la Gripe; se utilizó el método de Kaplan-Meier y el árbol de supervivencia para analizar la supervivencia. Resultados Entre los 559.866 casos hospitalizados, se observó una mayor proporción de vacunados entre el sexo femenino (15,0%), ancianos ≥ 80 (34,5%), región Sudeste (15,7%), quienes no recibieron soporte ventilatorio (21,2%) y no fallecidos (15,2%); la curva de supervivencia mostró que los no inmunizados presentaron un mayor riesgo de óbito en todos los grupos de edad (p-valor < 0,001); los ancianos ≥ 80, que no recibieron ventilación mecánica, con dosis de refuerzo, tienen un menor riesgo en comparación con sus pares con dos dosis o no vacunados (HR = 0,64; IC95% 0,62;0,67). Conclusión El menor riesgo de óbito se observó en individuos vacunados, especialmente aquellos con dos dosis o refuerzo.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as características clínicas e sociodemográficas e a sobrevida de indivíduos com síndrome respiratória aguda grave por covid-19, segundo esquema vacinal contra covid-19, Brasil, 2021-2022. Métodos Estudo de coorte, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe; métodos de Kaplan-Meier e árvore de sobrevivência foram utilizados para analisar a sobrevida. Resultados Dos 559.866 casos internados, observou-se maior proporção de vacinados entre sexo feminino (15,0%), idosos ≥ 80 anos (34,5%), na região Sudeste (15,7%), entre os que não receberam suporte ventilatório (21,2%) e os não evoluídos a óbito (15,2%); na curva de sobrevida, não imunizados apresentaram maior risco de óbito, independentemente da faixa etária (p-valor < 0,001); idosos que não realizaram ventilação mecânica, com dose de reforço, apresentaram menor risco, comparados a seus pares com duas doses ou não imunizados (hazard ratio = 0,64; IC95% 0,62;0,67). Conclusão Observou-se menor risco de ocorrência de óbito nos indivíduos vacinados, especialmente com duas doses ou reforço.